Curacao Gaming License Information. The Kahnawake gaming license offers operators a flexible, cost-efficient, and straight forward setup process with a whole host of benefits. Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. When an operator obtains a license from the Curacao casinos non gamstop eGaming authority, they are able to operate freely in many countries, but that’s not to say they aren’t safe. Kitts, Dominica, Curacao and Vanuatu. We will assist with obtaining licenses under the new regime, once the new regulation is announced. Any sportsbook or casino that has obtained its license through the Curacao eGaming. Curacao eGaming Betting Sites in 2023. Curacao Gambling License . Quality Software & Proper Payment System. The process of registering a legal entity and obtaining a license takes about 6 weeks. Prohibited countries: United States,. Alderney. A holding company must be established somewhere in the EU banking. The basic license costs around €17,500 up-front, plus a sliding rate based on revenue which can top out at €750,000. Gamdom’s parent company Smein Hosting N. Apply for hassle-free and reliable Curacao gaming license. The Isle of Man has become a model for online gaming countries due to the legislative framework set by the Electronic Transactions Act of 2000 and the Online Gambling Regulation Act 2001, which legalized online gaming operation in the country. Last Updated on 26/06/2023. One example is Gamstop, a UK body responsible for helping gamblers with an addiction. We wrote an article on Curacao Gambling License which may be of interest to you. A gambling licence is a prerequisite for an online casino business as it provides a legal basis for online casino operation. The license of Curacao is recognized by many countries all over the world, so you will have a large potential customer base after getting it. com or WhatsApp us below. Since 2017, this site has been one of the most popular casinos licensed by Curacao, and there are several reasons for this. Local Managing Director. Lucky Block – Top Curacao Crypto Online Casino. Casinos from XXL Services NV Casino Group. It has been sent. Curacao gambling license is one of the most popular casino licenses in the world, and there is a number of good reasons for it to be so. 3. V. Online casinos that operate without a license operate illegally and are at risk of being shut. This is an indicator that the time is right for starting or investing in the online gaming business. 1% to 1. Regulated casinos. Getting a Curacao betting license. Licensing in different countries. However, foreign sites can operate freely, even if they do not have. For us Canadians, Kahnawake licensed casinos are also popular. The Anjouan gaming license imposes few restrictions on the access of players from certain countries. The Curaçao Gaming Control Board. Moreover, one sub-license covers all types of gambling. Curacao Gaming Licence for Online Casino From €17,900 BENEFITS AT A GLANCE. Ever since 1996, the jurisdiction of Curaçao has been offering gambling licenses for countries all over the world. Read the crypto casinos reviews to know about the best casino operating under this. Curacao gambling license: General information. Features of the Curacao eGaming Licence. Curacao is an island located in the southern Caribbean Sea and is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Curacao is another jurisdiction issuing gambling licenses to different countries. Betsofa Casino. The MGA betting licence has a starting fee of €80,000, plus an annual fee of €25,000 and takes around two months to complete, while the Curacao eGaming betting licence can be obtained in around six weeks and costs around €22,000, or €18,000 if. Casino accepts players from many countries Small selection of game providers Bonus: Minimum deposit: $30, Maximum cashout: 30x deposit value. A Curacao license, like the one at VulkanBet Casino, is one of the most desired gambling licenses. Note that the Curacao Gaming Control Board (GCB) regulates the online gaming sector, as allocated by the Curacao government in 2018. Answer (1 of 5): Many people chose to pursue a Curaçao gaming license because the process is quick, the license is cheap, and the taxes are minimal. The deposits go from £5,000 to £10,000. Benefits. A betting and gaming business needs a license to build contracts with game providers. Because all the current brands operate through the Curacao eGaming License, the official headquarters of Media Entertainment N. Master License: Curacao basic license (White label) Sub-License: grants the same rights without enabling holders to extend the. Some countries also issue their license for a one-time cost, as in Curaçao, or for fixed-term periods, like Malta, or with an annual. The Curacao gaming license is often seen as operators’ first choice due to its affordability, reasonable requirements, and relatively low taxes. their registration number is 120860. Details on the licensing of gambling activities, requirements for operators of land and online casinos, lawyers of Lawstrust International will help to obtain a license. Local Physical Address. Affordable – cheaper than other jurisdictions. Curacao license costs and fees initially come to approximately €20,000-€25,000 which is a reasonable amount in comparison. Online gambling is one of its central industries, and it began licensing companies for betting and gaming back in 1996. The main drawback is that Curaçao gaming licenses suffer from a bad reputation. The company had a requirement to receive payment from their merchant account provider from players residing outside of the EU. A company must be set up with the Curacao company register with residence inside the e-zone Curacao. Acquiring the Curacao gambling sub-license. After obtaining a permit, operators are required to pay £35,000 (€39,000) every year. License cost. English. License cost. Which one applies to the casino depends on where they plan to operate. A gaming venue licence and a permit/license for each gaming machine is required in order to operate gaming machines within Australia. May 4, 2023. • Almost all the Curacao licenses are sublicenses, i. Case 1 – Overcoming banking restrictions in Malta that were blocking e-gaming companies. B2C licensees must protect player funds at all times. Curacao gaming license countries. to offer online. The Republic of Ireland is a Northern European country with legalized gambling. Follow the Money followed 1xBet's. The master licence gives operators what they need to run an online gaming business. Curacao Antillephone N. Online casinos, sportsbooks, poker rooms and other gambling platforms can’t be considered as legal and regulated entities unless they possess some form of gambling licence. The costs of this on paper is around €6,500 per annum but in reality you are going to spend between €15,000 and €25,000 in. Gambling Licenses from Curacao. Regulated casinos. The Curacao license strictly forbids the following countries Altay Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, France, The Netherlands, Saba, Statia, St. Cypriot law prohibits minors under 18 from attending betting shops and participating in lottery draws. Need help? Call: +44-738-767-5346 or email: mk@ licensegentlemen. Major Gambling Licensing Jurisdictions. The gambling industry in Romania has been shaped over the past three decades. V. Of all the four master license holders on the island, Gaming Curaçao 365/JAZ is the only one in our opinion that at least tries to do the right thing. The “brick and mortar” casino industry of Curaçao is regulated by the Curaçao Gaming Control Board (GCB). This is when the Curacao e–Gaming Licensing Authority was formed. Curacao gaming license is a cost-effective and the most popular solution in the e-gaming industry. Because of these Federal gambling laws, online gambling companies are hosting their operations in off-shore countries that supply legal gambling licenses and also using off-shore money transfer services. In any case, an interested party has to abide by specified laws and initially pay a pre-application fee of €750. This may attract more vendors to get a Spanish licence. This is something you should thoroughly check before obtaining a gambling license. Unlike in other countries, the UK Gambling Commission charges tax of 15-50% of gross income. Cost of a Curacao Gambling License. Revenue tax. 6. Bingo License. Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. License (checked): Gaming Curacao Live games: Yes Online chat: Yes. A fixed annual licenсe fee – €25,000; flexible taxation – 0. Having said that, most Curacao licensed casinos are still safe and. . Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. Local Managing Director. 9. To obtain a Curacao gaming license, an operator would need to register with the Antilles Chamber of Commerce. . You can also contact them via email or phone number. Curaçao is an island of the Leeward Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, about 65 km (40 mi. com. However, the Curacao license strictly prohibits among others the following countries: Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, France, Netherlands, Saba, Statia, St. com; Payout time: 15 minutes (fastest cryptocurrencies) Established: 2022; License: Curaçao Gaming Control BoardCuracao Gaming License from €17 900. With the help of the Curacao gaming license, the casino group company has set up Casino Friday. Requirements of getting a permit for gaming companies. Talking about taxes, online gambling licensees must pay a 25% duty on gross revenue. Many countries are seeking to allow this type of business, largely because it generates significant revenue for state budgets. An Anjouan-licensed operator is prohibited from accepting players from the United States, France, Australia, the Netherlands, and Curacao. Perhaps the main drawback of the jurisdiction is that all of its permits are sublicenses. Some of the most popular gambling jurisdictions are Curacao, Malta, Alderney and the United Kingdom. Enables registration of at least 2 domains. Cyberluck Curacao N. Some countries are prohibited by the Curacao license itself, which means you can’t have customers from such countries, or YOU RISK LOSING THE LICENSE! But that’s not. 28 countries prohibit locals from gambling and block sites of local gambling operators. In order to obtain a Curacao Gambling License, the decision to approve the application is at the discretion of the Minister of Justice, based on the documentation submitted by our experts. In 2019, they experienced considerable growth, briefly sponsoring Chelsea FC and Liverpool FC. “Don”, Martina 23, Willemstad, Curaçao. Since it started offering an e-gaming license in 1996, Curacao has established itself as one of the most respectable jurisdictions from which to offer online gaming. Curacao is an island state in the Caribbean Sea which is a part of the Netherlands Antilles. Phone: + (599 9) 737-2299. However, in practice, holders of online gaming licenses generally grant a contractual right to third parties established in Curacao. 97) “State Decree Casino Industry Curaçao”. gaming-curacao. A bank account for gambling business provides you with essential services and the success of your gaming operation will depend on whether you have chosen the right gambling bank accoun t from the beginning. licensed websites were offering online gaming to countries across. Since then, the island has had almost 30 years to develop an efficient gaming license process for companies. Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. Its license was established in 1996, making it one of the oldest iGaming jurisdictions in the world. 1. Theo Last Update: April 9, 2023. The GCB supervises all gambling sectors at the moment, but the Curacao Internet Gaming. Although Curacao gives you a license, it does not allow you to operate in many countries in the same way that you can if you have a license from the UKGC. When it comes to the licenses required to operate as a casino, there are two different types: international and local. Public and Players; Licenses and Business; CEG Academy; News & Events; Apply for your B2C License today. E-mail: info@gcb. We will assist with obtaining licenses under the new regime, once the new regulation is announced. This is an entire package that includes: 2 domains, Unlimited Regions, 5 unique. The gambling industry in Romania has been shaped over the past three decades. English. Payment for the new partnership with a sub-licensee is £5,000 (€5,600). The licence is split into two parts: Master Licence – grants businesses the right to run an online gaming company, as well as the option to offer sub-licences to other parties. Online gambling platforms with a Curacao casino license accept players from all over the world. On the Casinomeister Forum the members there often refer to Curacao and the casinos that operate there disparagingly, with one forum member at the end of 2018 writing:. Moreover, applicants need to pay a one-time fee for the submission of their proposal and an annual e-zone application charge. 111% Bonus up to €1,111 + 111 FS. The Curacao gaming license is usually operators’ first choice due to its affordability and reasonable requirements. V. It is valid through the period of 20 years and is applicable to all the gambling types mentioned below. com or over the phone at +5999 465 1134. Interested in more online casino groups with a Curacao license? Try: Dialinvest International N. Opening a bank account for a casino is a more complicated process, and in some countries there are restrictions on gambling ads. types of licenses, basic requirements, documents. On top of this expense, Malta gaming corporations have to pay a standard corporate tax of 35% on profits. He global gambling industry generate revenues in excess of $500 billion annually. In a recent post on their blog, GBO, an online gaming and sports betting license supplier, examining the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining a license from either Malta or Curacao. The other option. If one wishes to apply for conducting sports betting activities, the price is lower: $35,000 as an Application fee and. The following table includes the expected fees and cost of the Curacao license if you opt for the basic package. Some of the most common include Malta, the United Kingdom, and Gibraltar. 3. The local gambling license cost is £5,000 (€5,600). Bonus money - 40 x Slots - 40 x #ad. Over the years, out of all the jurisdictions offering online gambling licensing, three clear forerunners have emerged; Malta, Curacao, and Kahnawake . The online gambling sector in these locations provides different opportunities as well as challenges. Advantages and disadvantages of Curacao gaming licence. There are many factors that can determine the total cost of obtaining a gambling license. Curacao gambling license cost not too much: the annual cost of a license for all gambling types in Curacao can vary from EUR 4. For whatever reasons, if you wish to get in touch with the Curacao Gaming Control Board then you can easily find them at Emancipatie Boulevard, Dominico F. A well-respected jurisdiction and a preferred location for startups, operators can enjoy competitive setup and maintenance costs, enticing fiscal benefits, and an agile licensing process. One licence for all activities; Simple licence obtaining process; Only 2 weeks. Casinos; Palau Holdings N. You can get two types of. Most Northern European countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and others have regulated online casinos. The Curacao gaming license allows you to run any gambling business. It varies depending on how in-demand it is at a particular time, the size of the applicant’s business, and the scope of the services it offers. Curacao is renowned as one of the most popular and. On top of that, there is income tax, which is 2%. Even though the reputation of new Curacao online casinos is somewhat lacking to the MGA and UKGC, it appears more prevalent. That’s why web browser makes this part of any domain name bold)Countries/states that regulate online gambling within their territories; Countries/states that regulate, but provide exclusivity to public/private monopolies;. 1xBet is an online gambling company licensed by Curaçao eGaming License. 500 to EUR 12. During this time, the. The most popular ones are:. Curacao gambling license is one of the most popular casino licenses in the world, and there is a number of good reasons for it to be so. Gambling licenses and certificates in Romania. The creation of the CIGA institution – eGambling Jurisdiction. Curacao Gaming License Cost and Fees. The issuing process is simple in comparison to other countries, and it doesn’t require huge investments to get a license. Compared to other remote gambling. Your online casino needs a license too. Malta Gaming Authority issues licenses that permit both fiat and crypto gaming. May 4, 2023. Curacao is considered a trustworthy gaming license jurisdiction and a popular choice for offshore online gaming operators and startups located in Curacao. Analytical articles . A member of the Interactive Gaming Council, its responsibility is to ensure that online gambling operations within the nation adhere to a code of conduct and meet all licensing requirements. Curaçao eGaming is a leading master license holder of Curaçao offering gaming license to run e-gaming operations. For most interactive games one must pay $75,000 to apply for a licence. The Curaçao Gaming License, which was launched in 1996, provides the legal framework for gambling (related) companies that wish to offer services in non-regulated countries. The main regulated gambling markets in Latin America. In most countries, gambling projects cannot be operated without a license. One of the main reasons why the country is considered a role model for many other countries is its legislative framework, which was actually changed relatively recently. We are able to issue new Curacao sub-licenses which will be valid until the beginning/ mid-2024. Fee: EUR 17,900 per year. This license allows betting companies to operate and the holder to issue a sublicense, which is the second type. The following is a table featuring the price tags for an established Curacao online casino with a license for bingo: Gaming License + NV Incorporation Fee: EUR 17,900. As a result, you will be issued a B2C license, which allows you to conduct betting activities in all countries where gambling is not prohibited and all EU member countries that do not have their own local gambling regulator. Newly surfaced documents show that the Netherlands fears damage to its international reputation due to companies like this one which operate under a Curaçao gambling licence. Public and Players; Licenses and Business; CEG Academy; News & Events; Apply for your B2C License today. V. IP Agreement. Thus, Curacao gambling license cost is very affordable. Curacao License Countries. Hence, it could cost less for some applicants and more for others. It means there are no gaming. Players from the following countries and regions are not allowed to open an account at Betrophy. Contact. GBO has experience in Curacao, Malta, Kahnawake and other trusted jurisdictions that provide affordable online gambling licenses. Sweden is one of the countries with the most developed gambling industry on the planet. According to the recent update from 13. (Curacao Egaming) #1668/JAZ; Gaming Curacao (GC) #365/JAZ - Email: [email protected] of a Gibraltar Offshore Gambling License. Curacao is a self-governing state entity that has been part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 2010. The most prestigious gambling jurisdictions. Licensed casinos vs. Zero Capital Gains Tax. 28 countries ban residents from gambling and block the sites of local gambling operators. validation links (online certificate)/’year. for bookmakers, slot machines, bingo, lotteries and online casinos. The Curacao gaming license is available only to companies that are based in Curacao. English. Other countries and jurisdictions. According to the terms of the Curacao license, only in such jurisdictions as Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, France, the Netherlands, Saba, Saint. It just happens so, that gambling business is favoured by a few countries, and the registration process is fairly long – usually it takes several months and up to one year. Sub-licenses permit the conduct of all kinds of gambling activities. Some countries have special state authorities that ensure fair and secure gambling. You will find different payment methods for other countries. The local regulator — Curacao Gaming Commission — is in charge of Curacao gambling licensing. GBO provides a full set of Curacao Gaming License, company formation, bank accounts, KYC policies and procedures, contact us now for a price offer +97235104257. the Baltics. Casinos with Curacao gaming license is not required to follow the self-exclusion programs most countries provide. Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. “State Ordinance Regarding Labor in Hotels, Restaurants, and. The cost of a Curacao gaming license varies based on demand. The Curaçao gambling license costs might vary depending on the company’s exact requirements and needs, there is an option for all types of budgets. As a result, if an online casino allows crypto. Bellona NV is located at Heelsumstraat 51, E-commerce park in Curacao. For example, in order to work as a dealer/croupier or perform any activities involving cash in a gambling environment in the UK, you’ll need a personal functional license. The annual fee can be paid in 2 installments. However, a Curaçao gaming license does have its drawbacks. Curacao has the world’s fastest, most cost-effective, and least bureaucratic licensing procedure, allowing entrepreneurs to reinvest 100% of their earnings back into their businesses thanks to a 0% tax rate and 0% VAT on all online gambling revenue. Many would now argue that online operators licensed and regulated by this jurisdiction are not worthy of trust, and the only brands to visit are those licensed and regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority and the United. Malta. It consists of a 10% betting tax and a 3% contribution to the Authority. In 2001, the Curacao Internet Gaming Association (CIGA) was established. Download a list of Countries to avoid with Curacao license in 2022. It is one of the most affordable in the established gaming jurisdictions, with a Curacao gaming license price of around €20000. V. An online. It has over 20 land-based casinos, 900 sports betting shops as well as lottery, bingo and social gambling halls. During this time, the. Curacao is an ideal jurisdiction for obtaining an offshore gaming license. How to get a license for slot machines, bingo, online gambling, betting activity in Curacao. License holders cannot entertain players from particular countries, such as the USA, the Netherlands, and France, and even Curacao itself, contingent upon the master license holder. If a licensee allows players from any of those four territories to gamble on their. 24 January, 2023 . New jurisdiction – Anjouan. Gambling licenses and certificates in Romania. Curacao gaming license cost depends on a variety of factors. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. We help clients get approval from the local authorities, establish key operating models, and receive extra support from software. Today, having a Curaçao license it is possible to operate in all jurisdictions, except for the countries of the first and fourth categories. As each operator may control more than one casino brand, you can find more. com; Curacao Interactive Licensing N. Malta or Curacao? The selection of the appropriate gambling license is an essential step in the process of launching an online gaming company. Stake is licensed in Curacao and authorized to operate with different URLs in countries such as Mexico or the UK. Also, you have around 11 online casinos and there are several others in the making which makes it a handful to operate. – Resume (CV) – Original certificate of good conduct. For more information, you can also read our overview of online gambling jurisdictions. Cost of the gaming license. One of the areas – a major part of the country – is closely controlled by the national Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR). + 6% Sales Tax. V. #365/JAZ as an Information Service Provider. It has become one of the leading and most respectful license providers. Download Now. Good news for players who like to play in cryptocurrency casinos. 32 countries allow all gambling sites to operate only under a local gambling license — for example, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, etc. “Don”, Martina 23, Willemstad, Curaçao. cw. On average, the application process takes up to 2 months. Curacao — Curacao’s eGaming is the country’s main regulator that issues a one-for-one type of license, which allows the licensee to operate online casinos, sportsbooks, bingo, or any other kind of sanctioned gambling business. V. As a startup taking the first step towards online gambling, a Curacao license is the most sensible choice. Minimum Gaming Hosting Services and Server Space. 2. The originally Russian gambling company 1xBet operates worldwide through more than a thousand websites, both legal and illegal. A few years ago, Curacao was everyone's absolute favourite in terms of gambling licence, as this offshore destination allowed you to legally target multiple jurisdictions which missed to have. Many Curacao casinos accept players from UK via mirrors or via managers. Costs of obtaining a license in Curaçao: One-time e-Gaming IP licensing application fee – EUR 1,500. controls online casinos (including fairness to casino players, AMA, KYC and more) What is special about Curacao Antillephone (N. Curacao Gaming License from €17 900. The Curacao licence will cost you. Currently it is being held by around 450 online casino operators. com The website is operated by Medium Rare N. Licensed casinos vs. ️ List of the Curaçao licensed online casinos in your country. The Gambling Commission issues 2 types of permits: Master License. This is due to the fact that over 10% of able-bodied people in the country are associated with the gambling industry in one way or another. 32 countries allow online gambling only with the local license. The sub-license fee is around €4,000-€5,000 a year. Curacao Gaming License | Curacao License About Us Licensing Services Platform Contact EN TR Connect with Skype OBTAIN AN ONLINE CURACAO Gaming License. Enables supervisor services to control cloud solutions. Stake. 8048/JAZ) particularly that it is the first license operator in Curacao gambling jurisdiction that had started to work with cryptocurrencies. 6 weeks. The GCB also has the authority to issue. It helps them to focus on top-tier gaming providers and obtain licenses that have jurisdictions in more countries. 2nd floor, Office A22, 1075 Nicosia in Cyprus. Drawbacks to the Curacao license. Around 85% of casinos and betting undertakings work under a Curaçao or Isle of Man license which enables operations in many countries worldwide. A Maltese license allows you to operate in most European countries. The Isle of Man is a dependent territory of Great Britain, an island in the English Channel. After that, $50,000 must be paid annually for its maintenance. UK players looking to play anonymously can join any Curao non-Gamstop casino and play from anywhere on the globe. 500. For whatever reasons, if you wish to get in touch with the Curacao Gaming Control Board then you can easily find them at Emancipatie Boulevard, Dominico F. Gaming License. Curacao’s offshore gaming license structure has been codified since the advent of the internet in the early 1990’s. A betting license costs €2,800 for local entrepreneurs and €6,250 for foreigners. But all in all, the Curacao gaming license is the first choice of many new operators. In this article, we will take a look at each license and. Malta has a low tax rate for gambling operators. com part is constant. Every licensed sportsbook is subject to a flat tax rate of 13%. A stable tax rate is another advantage of Curaçao eGaming license. While both cover gaming operators and allow the same essential. Furthermore, it supports holistic growth and allows the company. 24VIP Casino. We tend to recommend Curacao as the perfect jurisdiction for startup crypto gaming companies. Gaming licence requirements for owners exist in some jurisdictions. We are the gaming regulator for all gaming on Curaçao, recognized for our effectiveness in safeguarding public trust by ensuring all gaming is conducted honestly, responsibly, competitively and free from criminal and corruptive elements. All forms of online. under the gaming license 8048/JAZ issued to Antillephone, which is authorized and regulated by the Government of Curaçao. Firstly, Curacao is the best destination for entrepreneurs, startups, and land-based companies willing to branch out into the internet and online gambling with little investment. To get the license you require a Curacao company and local management. How to get a Curacao gambling license. The situation isn’t different when you look at gambling and how it is regulated in those countries. Also, many casinos that have a license from Curacao have a bad reputation. It allows the company to test the concept, get a client base, and reinvest funds without having to pay a fortune in costly applications, taxes, and fees. Licenses. Curacao Gambling License is probably the most popular choice for start-ups and entrepreneurs looking to start or expand their online gambling business. Sub. Curacao gaming license countries Maksims 2022-08-06T14:58:38+00:00. Curacao licensees are forbidden to accept players from a list of countries including the USA, France, the Netherlands, and Curacao itself. There are many jurisdictions that are regulated and offer licensing services, but Curacao has the following reasons why it should be shortlisted for starting your business: One sub-license covers all types of gambling. Let our team of experts guide you through the steps required to acquire a license and set up the best corporate, banking and payment processing structures to get you operating quickly, safely and legally. In fact, a draft of the law offers deducting losses from winnings to include the sum in tax payments. 5% of the gross gaming yield rather than total turnover. Cost of Getting an Online Gambling. Gaming Employment License. The Curaçao Gaming Commission casino licenses protects consumers. The casino theme is elementary and straightforward, and. Because of the. New jurisdiction – Anjouan eGaming License. There are several laws regulating the gambling industry: “State Ordinance Casino Industry Curaçao” (AB 1999, No. The application process is relatively straightforward. 100% up to $7000 + 100 Spins. Gaming License + NV Incorporation. For example, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, the UK, the Netherlands etc.